Reading Comprehension and answering the questions || Comprehension & Developing Communication Skills in English || Bsc Agriculture

 

6.  COMPREHENSION Reading Comprehension and answering the

questions

 

Check your understanding:

1.                     Who is a layman? What to do we call a person who is not a layman?

2.                 In the first two paragraphs the following words are used: stunned, frightened, bewildered, confused, humbled, troubled. What  will  be  the typical behavior of people in each of the following situations:

a) A tiger is found in the garden or a house. b) One is defeated  in a match or a debate.

c) In the examination hall all the questions in the  question  paper  are found to be

difficult.

3)     Can you name a situation in which

a)       You will be stunned?

b)      You will be bewildered?

c)      You will be troubled?

4.     What was the first reaction of the layman to the effect of the dropping of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima?

5.        Why are we troubled by the realization that our brain can create things which we may not be able to control?

6.        How can our search for truth bring our civilization to the brink of destruction?

7.      Can our scientists afford to be concerned solely with the pursuit of truth unmindful of its consequences? What is the author’s opinion? What is your opinion?

8.       What, according to the author, is the towering enemy of man-kind?

9.        When did Einstein write his famous equation? What is  it  about?  Why is it so famous? Who is Eingstein?

Matching words with their meanings

Match the words with their meanings as used in the passage. Column II has one

‘extra’. You may use a dictionary and look back at the essay.

Column I                            Column II

1.   Indistinguishable                a. amazing in degree

2.  Arbiter                                  b. free

3.  Repercussion                      c. unfeeling

4.  Dilemma                              d. far-reaching effect

5.   Perverted                             e. denial

6.  Absolve                                f. cannot be differentiated being in spirits

7.   Distortions                          g. The state of being in high spirits

8.  Stupendous                         h. passionate

9.  Callous                                 i. turned to a wrong use

10.   Elation                                j. ha3v1ing to choose between two

 

equality undesirable courses of action.

11.    Fervent                              k. person in complete control

12.   Disavowal                          l. false accounts m. judge.

 

Think and answer.

Distinguish  between:

 

i.                              Culture and civilization                     ii.

Knowledge    and   wisdom

iii.                                                        Anarchy ad autocracy

iv.                                        Education and literacy.

 

Under each statement given below two meanings are given. Say which one correctly explains the meaning of the italicized expression.

 

1.   Science will plunge ahead in the pursuit of truth even if the process leaves the world in dust and ashes.

a)   in a highly pollute state. b) in a state of destruction

2.  The weapons which science gives us have brought us to the door –

step of doom. a) close to ruin

b) close to evil

3.  We have been most successful in pushing out the boundaries of knowledge. a) limits of our knowledge

b) divisions of knowledge

4.  We are bewildered by the power which science  has placed in our laps. a) in our power

b) at our disposal.

5.   We are confronted by the tragic irony. a) sad reversal of a situation.

b)   disastrous outcome

 

Notes

 

Raymond B. Fosdick in the  lesson  ‘A  Dilemma’  says  that  science  should be used only for the constructive purpose and not to be  aimed  at  the degeneration  of the society. August  6,  1945,  a  day  of  unfortunate,   on  which  the atomic bomb  was  dropped   on Hiroshima  brought  home  to all  of us about the significance (or) importance of science  in  human  life.  Mankind  was frightened by science  and  bewildered  by  its  enormous  power.  This  instance has realised the mankind how unequipped we are in terms of ethics, law, and government, to know how to use it. The author says that science  is based  on  truth and should spring from the noblest attribute of the human spirit.

There are certain inventions that can evoke both positive and negative responses. Invention of Radio, Automobiles, pencillion Rodar and jet propulsions shall be aimed towards the betterment of the society  rather  than  creating ugliness and desolation. The gifts of  science,  the  author  vehemently  feels, should not blow our civilization  into  drifting  dust. The  research  and  Technology yield right fruits when they are related to human welfare.

 

Science is the search for truth. But it is the same search for truth that has brought our civilization to the brink of  destruction.  The  writer  strongly  feels that research shall be subjected to some kind of restraint if it is not linked to human constructive purpose; it is  really  disheartening  to  read  about  that leading scientists associated with atom bomb saying  that one should  not hold back progress because of fear of misuse of science

Fosdick than says that some inventions are purely accidental and the scientists never had any evil intentions while discovering them. For instance Albert Einestein never thought of atom bomb while working for  his transformation equation in 1905. Yet, from this come out one of the principles upon atom bomb is based. Similarly sulphur drugs and mustard gas which are offshoots of German  dye  industry  was  not  created  to  deal  with  either medicine  or  weapons  of  war;  Willard  Gibbs  was  a  gentle  spirit  whose  life was spent in his laboratory at yale university had never dreamt that his research  in the mathematical physics might have even  a  remote  relationship  to  would war I & II. These discoveries are classic examples  where  the gifts  of science  can  be used by evilmen to do evil men to do evil  even  more  obviously  and dramatically than can be used by men of goodwill to do good.

 

The author concludes that the towering enemy of mankind  is not science but war. Science merely reflect the sowal forces by which if its surrounded.

 

When there is peace, science is constructive and when there is war, science is prevented to destructive ends.  Our  problem  therefore  is  not  to  comb  science but to stop war- to substitute law for force and international government for awarely in the relations  of  one  nation  with  another.  He  feels  that  our education should be  based  on  tolerance  understanding  and  creative intelligence that should run fast enough to put an end to the evil effects of the science formally, Science must help us but the decision lies within ourselves  ie., the role responsibility is of human beings.

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