February 07, 2022
2. Comprehension: Reading Comprehension
Given
below are some statements from the essay. If you agree, give reasons; if you don’t, state the reasons.
Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive.
International sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred.
Even a leisurely game like cricket, demanding grace rather than
strength, can cause much ill-will.
In countries like India and Burma, it is necessary at football
matches to have strong cordons of police to keep the crowd from invading the
field.
Even then the spectators don’t intervene physically they
try to influence the game by cheering
their own side and ‘rattling’
opposing players with boos and
insults. Playing games is simply a waste of time.
Games have been
built up into a heavily financed activity.
Big-scale sport is merely another effect
of the causes that have produced nationalism.
Answer the following What
is sport? Try to define it. Who is a sportsman?
What is
sportsmanship?
What is meant by
‘the sporting spirit’?
What is the
difference between ‘sporting’ and ‘sportive’?
Make a list of the sports mentioned in the essay. (There are more
than ten.)
Do you regard the following as sports? Give reasons for your answer.
Chess, dancing, monopoly, knitting, fishing, cooking, bird-
watching, motor
-racing, gardening, shooting.
What are the differences between sports and hobbies? What is your
hobby? What is body-line bowling?
What is
‘ferreting for rat’?
What are your favorite outdoor activities? What are your favorite
week-end-activities?
Match the activity/sport with its dominant
criterion. Martial arts gives a great sense of rhythm Parachuting builds up
stamina
Dancing gives
moderate exercise and helps
mobility Boxing teaches
self-discipline and self- defense Ping-pong develops a sense
of awe and mental peace Jogging develops
muscular strength
Say whether you
like or dislike
each one of
the activities/sports that you
like/dislike. Make use of the list given above and words like relaxing. Borin g,
disgusting, interesting and
exciting.
a)
playing cards b)
digging in the garden c) mountain- climbing d) washing dishes
e) weight-lifting
f) wrestling g) shopping h) gymnastics i) learning languages j) rowing k) visiting relatives
Now give one reason for each of the activities/sports that you
like/dislike. Make use of the list given above and words like relaxing, boring,
disgusting, interesting, and exciting.
Example: I like
washing dishes because it is relaxing.
a)
Complete with be, camp, do, drive,
eat, get, go, lose, make, meet, spend, stay, watch, wear.
TEST YOUR PERSONALITY
Do you enjoy people1?0
Do you dislike late for appointments Do you like expensive clothes?
Do you ever risked
to parties to
TV at a home? Have you
ever risked your job?
Do you enjoy new
friends? Do you like cars?
Do you prefer at
a hotel to in
a tent? Do you like Chinese food?
Do you enjoy money?
Do you enjoy
unusual things?
Do you like up early?
(If you have answered at leas t
six questions with YES, proceed further.)
Fill in the blanks,
with for, from,
about, in, of, up, by, to, at. (Some
are to be used more than once.)
Are you good
organizing?
Are you usedworking hard?
Are up fond
solving problems?
Are you interested dealing with people?
Are you used making
decisions?
Are you tired being one
in a crowd? Are you good working
with numbers? Are you willing to give
smoking?
Can you influence people convincing
them? Do you take pleasure bringing people
together? Can you prevent others cheating
your friends?
Are you capable attracting crowds
blah – blahing? Can you make use of
your experience gained blah-blahing
selling things?
Are you excited going places?
Do you feel confident traveling alone?
(If you have answered all the questions with yes, call us today!
Bell School of Management, Tel. 868084.)
GRAMMER GUIDE
Infinitive
Phrases as Direct Objects:
Type I Examples: They hope to win the game.
He claims to be
a sportsman.
(In such cases, the ‘subject’ of the infinitive is the same as the subject of the main verb, e.g. the subject
of hope is the same as the ‘subject’ of win.)
Answer the questions, using a an
infinitive phrase as the direct object
What do you
hope to do after you graduation?
What do you
sometimes neglect to do?
What do you
sometimes refuse to do?
What do you sometimes offer to do? What do you sometimes pretend to
do? What are the thing you can’t afford to do? What are the things you fail to
do?
Infinitive Phrases as Direct
Objects: Type II
Examples: The coach told us to an attacking
game.
·
The spectators encouraged us to misbehave.
In such cases, the ‘subject’ of the infinitive is not
the same as the subject of the main verb; the subject of told is the coach but
the ‘subject’ of play is us which is also the object of told.
2.7 Answer the following questions, using the verb + object + to = verb.
Who encouraged you to study English? What to do your teachers urge
you to do? Who reminds you to do your work?
What do your parents warn you not to do?
What do your friends
persuade you to do?
Notes
George Orwell expresses his views on competitive sports
in the lesson War Minus Shooting, which also appeared as an article in Tribune in
December 1945. He says that, in good olden days
that is dur ing Roman Times and in 19th century sports were not taken seriously.
Some games like fishing, cockfighting and ferrying of rats did exist lo ng ago, but they were
unorganized and were
meant only for the rustic communities. The posh and the elite never gave any
importance to games Dr. Arnold, the founder of the Modern
Public
School, viewed games as a more waste of time. It was later felt that some type of
group activity is essential for the outlet of physical strengthen
and sadistic impulses. It is this opinion which brought the existence of a more
decent word “Sports”.
Then chiefly in England and in United
States games were built up into a heavily financial activity and attracte d
the crows by
rousing savage passions and this infection spreaded country
to country. Games are taken seriously in London and New York. In the middle
ages they were
played with much physical brutality and were not mixed up
with politics nor a cause of
group hatreds.
Organized sports then started gaining
momentum and flourished in the Urban Communities also. The English public schools in the later part of the last
century became centers of several important sports. Countries like Rome,
Byzantium, London, New York, games were taken seriously. New
sports namely walking, swimming, snowballing, climbing and finding
houses made inroads in different parts of the world. England and United States w itnessed costly games in savage passions
aroused.
Sports then began to be linked with nationalism. At the same time they were also said to be the cause of politics,
brutality and group hatred. Rivalry began to develop especially when the games were played
between Jews and Arabs, Germans and Czechs, Indians and
British, Italians and Yugoslavs, Russians and Poks. Sports have
become one of the
main reasons of international
rivalry. The author
suggests that instead of
making things worst by sending forth a team of eleven men,
labeled as national champions
to do battle against some rival team and allowing it to be felt on all
sides that which ever nation defeated “will loose face”.
The huge crowds in Boxing, Football
and Cricket matches started rattling the opposite players with boos and
insults. Harsh and fiercer passions
began to be aroused in England and also
several other
countries. Even a
gentleman’s game like cricket, which is also called a leisurely game was under question.
The controversy was witnessed
over bodyline bowling
and over the
rough tactics of
Australian team that visited
England in 1921. A
boxing match between white
and colored boxers gave
a horrible sight.
In countries like India or Burma,
it is necessary at foot ball
matches to have strong cordons
of police to keep the crowd from invading the field. The first big foot
ball match that was played in Spain about some time ago led to an
uncontrollable riot.
George Orwell says that with the passage of time International sports
became a mimic warfare. Sports
began to be equated with war minus shooting.
Instead of promoting good
will, they were resulted in much hatred
and further fostering the
rivalry among the
nations. Sports have
become competitive when they are
played to win and
the game has little meaning unless it is won. As soon
as the question of prestige arises players do every technique to win the
game as I think that their countries dignity would be lost if that
are lost. The attitude of the spectators is also important in creating
much rivalry they forget that victory gained
through cheating is meaningless. Spectators definitely try to influence the game by cheering their
own side by
insulting opposite
players with boos and insults. The authors feels that modern games have
abundant hatred, jealousy,
boastfulness and ignoring of all the rules
and wit nessed of all
the violence. The author strongly feels that it is a pressing need to inculcate sports
man spirit among all of us to promote
peace and goodwill through sports.
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